1.1 Definition
The Adapter pattern is a structural design pattern that allows the interface of a class to be converted into another interface expected by the client. The Adapter pattern makes it possible for classes that cannot work together due to incompatible interfaces to collaborate.
1.2 Purpose and Effect
The main purpose of the Adapter pattern is to solve the compatibility problem between two incompatible interfaces. By using an adapter class, it allows incompatible classes to cooperate to implement a specific functionality.
1.3 Basic Principles of the Adapter Pattern
- When converting an interface to another interface, the adapter pattern is suitable for dealing with existing classes.
- The adapter pattern implements interface conversion by creating an adapter class rather than modifying the original class.
- The adapter pattern can be implemented through class adapter or object adapter.
2. Characteristics and Advantages of the Adapter Pattern
The Adapter pattern has the following characteristics and advantages:
- It provides a solution for interface conversion, allowing incompatible classes to work together.
- It can increase the flexibility and scalability of the system.
- It can reuse existing classes, reducing code duplication and development costs.
- It provides a loosely coupled design solution, making the system more flexible and easier to maintain.
3. Application Scenarios of the Adapter Pattern
The Adapter pattern is commonly used in the following scenarios:
- When there is a need to use an existing class, but its interface does not meet the requirements.
- When there is a need to create a reusable class that can work with incompatible interfaces.
- When there is a need to perform interface conversion between multiple classes.
4.1 UML Class Diagram
4.2 Implementation Step 1: Designing the Adapter Interface
package main
type Target interface {
Request()
}
4.3 Implementation Step 2: Implementing the Adapter Class
package main
type Adaptee struct {
}
func (a *Adaptee) SpecificRequest() {
// Implement specific functionality of the Adaptee class
}
type Adapter struct {
adaptee *Adaptee
}
func NewAdapter() *Adapter {
return &Adapter{adaptee: &Adaptee{}}
}
func (a *Adapter) Request() {
a.adaptee.SpecificRequest()
}
4.4 Implementation Step 3: Client Code Calling the Adapter Pattern
package main
func main() {
adapter := NewAdapter()
adapter.Request()
}
5.1 The Difference and Connection between the Adapter Pattern and the Bridge Pattern
Both the Adapter pattern and the Bridge pattern can be used to address the interface issue between two different classes, but their main difference lies in:
- The Adapter pattern mainly focuses on the compatibility conversion between two already existing interfaces.
- The Bridge pattern mainly focuses on the separation of abstraction and implementation, achieving decoupling through the bridge between the interface and the implementation class.
5.2 Application of Adapter Pattern in Microservices Architecture
In a microservices architecture, different microservices may use different interfaces for communication. The adapter pattern can help us solve compatibility issues between different services, enabling them to work together.
5.3 Application of Adapter Pattern in Front-End and Back-End Separated Development
In front-end and back-end separated development, the front end typically needs to retrieve data from the back end, but the interfaces exposed by the back end may not meet the requirements of the front end. The adapter pattern can help us adapt the back-end interfaces to the interfaces expected by the front end, achieving seamless collaboration between the front end and the back end.