JSON Loader
- JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is an open standard file format and data interchange format that uses readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of attribute-value pairs and arrays (or other serializable values).
JSON Lines is a file format where each line is a valid JSON value.
JSONLoader parses JSON files using a specified jq pattern and it utilizes the jq Python package. For detailed documentation on jq syntax, please refer to relevant Python documentation.
from langchain_community.document_loaders import JSONLoader
import json
from pathlib import Path
from pprint import pprint
file_path = './example_data/facebook_chat.json'
data = json.loads(Path(file_path).read_text())
pprint(data)
{'image': {'creation_timestamp': 1675549016, 'uri': 'image_of_the_chat.jpg'},
'is_still_participant': True,
'joinable_mode': {'link': '', 'mode': 1},
'magic_words': [],
'messages': [{'content': 'Bye!',
'sender_name': 'User 2',
'timestamp_ms': 1675597571851},
{'content': 'Oh no worries! Bye',
'sender_name': 'User 1',
'timestamp_ms': 1675597435669},
{'content': 'No Im sorry it was my mistake, the blue one is not '
'for sale',
'sender_name': 'User 2',
'timestamp_ms': 1675596277579},
{'content': 'I thought you were selling the blue one!',
'sender_name': 'User 1',
'timestamp_ms': 1675595140251},
{'content': 'Im not interested in this bag. Im interested in the '
'blue one!',
'sender_name': 'User 1',
'timestamp_ms': 1675595109305},
{'content': 'Here is $129',
'sender_name': 'User 2',
'timestamp_ms': 1675595068468},
{'photos': [{'creation_timestamp': 1675595059,
'uri': 'url_of_some_picture.jpg'}],
'sender_name': 'User 2',
'timestamp_ms': 1675595060730},
{'content': 'Online is at least $100',
'sender_name': 'User 2',
'timestamp_ms': 1675595045152},
{'content': 'How much do you want?',
'sender_name': 'User 1',
'timestamp_ms': 1675594799696},
{'content': 'Good morning! $50 is too low.',
'sender_name': 'User 2',
'timestamp_ms': 1675577876645},
{'content': 'Hi! Im interested in your bag. Im offering $50. Let '
'me know if you are interested. Thanks!',
'sender_name': 'User 1',
'timestamp_ms': 1675549022673}],
'participants': [{'name': 'User 1'}, {'name': 'User 2'}],
'thread_path': 'inbox/User 1 and User 2 chat',
'title': 'User 1 and User 2 chat'}
Using JSONLoader
Suppose we want to extract values from the content field under the messages key in the JSON data. Utilizing JSONLoader can easily accomplish this task.
loader = JSONLoader(
file_path='./example_data/facebook_chat.json',
jq_schema='.messages[].content')
data = loader.load()
pprint(data)
[Document(page_content='Bye!', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 1}),
Document(page_content='Oh no worries! Bye', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 2}),
Document(page_content='No Im sorry it was my mistake, the blue one is not for sale', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 3}),
Document(page_content='I thought you were selling the blue one!', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 4}),
Document(page_content='Im not interested in this bag. Im interested in the blue one!', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 5}),
Document(page_content='Here is $129', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 6}),
Document(page_content='', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 7}),
Document(page_content='Online is at least $100', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 8}),
Document(page_content='How much do you want?', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 9}),
Document(page_content='Goodmorning! $50 is too low.', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 10}),
Document(page_content='Hi! Im interested in your bag. Im offering $50. Let me know if you are interested. Thanks!', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 11})]
JSON Lines file
If you want to load documents from a JSON Lines file, you need to pass json_lines=True and specify the jq_schema to extract page_content from a single JSON object.
file_path = './example_data/facebook_chat_messages.jsonl'
pprint(Path(file_path).read_text())
('{"sender_name": "User 2", "timestamp_ms": 1675597571851, "content": "Bye!"}\n'
'{"sender_name": "User 1", "timestamp_ms": 1675597435669, "content": "Oh no '
'worries! Bye"}\n'
'{"sender_name": "User 2", "timestamp_ms": 1675596277579, "content": "No Im '
'sorry it was my mistake, the blue one is not for sale"}\n')
loader = JSONLoader(
file_path='./example_data/facebook_chat_messages.jsonl',
jq_schema='.content',
json_lines=True)
data = loader.load()
pprint(data)
[Document(page_content='Bye!', metadata={'source': 'langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat_messages.jsonl', 'seq_num': 1}),
Document(page_content='Oh no worries! Bye', metadata={'source': 'langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat_messages.jsonl', 'seq_num': 2}),
Document(page_content='No Im sorry it was my mistake, the blue one is not for sale', metadata={'source': 'langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat_messages.jsonl', 'seq_num': 3})]
Another option is to set jq_schema='.' and provide content_key:
loader = JSONLoader(
file_path='./example_data/facebook_chat_messages.jsonl',
jq_schema='.',
content_key='sender_name',
json_lines=True)
data = loader.load()
pprint(data)
[Document(page_content='User 2', metadata={'source': 'langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat_messages.jsonl', 'seq_num': 1}),
Document(page_content='User 1', metadata={'source': 'langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat_messages.jsonl', 'seq_num': 2}),
Document(page_content='User 2', metadata={'source': 'langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat_messages.jsonl', 'seq_num': 3})]
Extracting Metadata
Usually, we would like to include the metadata from a JSON file in the document we create from the content.
The following demonstrates how to use JSONLoader to extract metadata.
In the previous example, we did not collect metadata, but managed to specify in the schema the location from which the page_content value can be extracted directly.
.messages[].content
In the current example, we need to tell the loader to iterate over the records in the messages field. Then, the jq_schema must be:
.messages[]
This enables us to pass the records (dictionaries) to the "metadata_func" that must be implemented. The "metadata_func" is responsible for identifying which record information should be included in the metadata to be stored in the final "Document" object.
Additionally, we now have to explicitly specify the content_key parameter in the loader to extract the "page_content" value from which key in the record.
def metadata_func(record: dict, metadata: dict) -> dict:
metadata["sender_name"] = record.get("sender_name")
metadata["timestamp_ms"] = record.get("timestamp_ms")
return metadata
loader = JSONLoader(
file_path='./example_data/facebook_chat.json',
jq_schema='.messages[]',
content_key="content",
metadata_func=metadata_func
)
data = loader.load()
pprint(data)
[Document(page_content='Bye!', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 1, 'sender_name': 'User 2', 'timestamp_ms': 1675597571851}),
Document(page_content='Oh no worries! Bye', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 2, 'sender_name': 'User 1', 'timestamp_ms': 1675597435669}),
Document(page_content='No, I'm sorry it was my mistake. The blue one is not for sale', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 3, 'sender_name': 'User 2', 'timestamp_ms': 1675596277579}),
Document(page_content='I thought you were selling the blue one!', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 4, 'sender_name': 'User 1', 'timestamp_ms': 1675595140251}),
Document(page_content='I'm not interested in this bag. I'm interested in the blue one!', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 5, 'sender_name': 'User 1', 'timestamp_ms': 1675595109305}),
Document(page_content='Here is $129', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 6, 'sender_name': 'User 2', 'timestamp_ms': 1675595068468}),
Document(page_content='', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 7, 'sender_name': 'User 2', 'timestamp_ms': 1675595060730}),
Document(page_content='Online it is at least $100', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 8, 'sender_name': 'User 2', 'timestamp_ms': 1675595045152}),
Document(page_content='How much do you want?', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 9, 'sender_name': 'User 1', 'timestamp_ms': 1675594799696}),
Document(page_content='Good morning! $50 is too low.', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 10, 'sender_name': 'User 2', 'timestamp_ms': 1675577876645}),
Document(page_content='Hi! I'm interested in your bag. I'm offering $50. Let me know if you are interested. Thanks!', metadata={'source': '/Users/avsolatorio/WBG/langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 11, 'sender_name': 'User 1', 'timestamp_ms': 1675549022673})]
Here we can see that these files already contain metadata related to the content we extracted.
metadata_func function
As shown above, metadata_func receives the default metadata generated by JSONLoader. This allows users to have complete control over the format of the metadata.
For example, the default metadata contains the source and seq_num keys. However, the JSON data may also contain these keys. Users can use metadata_func to rename the default keys and use the keys from the JSON data.
The following example demonstrates how to modify the source to only include file source information related to the langchain directory.
def metadata_func(record: dict, metadata: dict) -> dict:
metadata["sender_name"] = record.get("sender_name")
metadata["timestamp_ms"] = record.get("timestamp_ms")
if "source" in metadata:
source = metadata["source"].split("/")
source = source[source.index("langchain"):]
metadata["source"] = "/".join(source)
return metadata
loader = JSONLoader(
file_path='./example_data/facebook_chat.json',
jq_schema='.messages[]',
content_key="content",
metadata_func=metadata_func
)
data = loader.load()
pprint(data)
[Document(page_content='Bye!', metadata={'source': 'langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 1, 'sender_name': 'User 2', 'timestamp_ms': 1675597571851}),
Document(page_content='Oh no worries! Bye', metadata={'source': 'langchain/docs/modules/indexes/document_loaders/examples/example_data/facebook_chat.json', 'seq_num': 2, 'sender_name': 'User 1', 'timestamp_ms': 1675597435669}),
...
...
... (remaining content unchanged for brevity) ...
...
...
]
Common JSON structures for using jq patterns
The following list provides possible jq_schema that users can use as a reference for extracting content from JSON data based on the structure.
JSON -> [{"text": ...}, {"text": ...}, {"text": ...}]
jq_schema -> ".[].text"
JSON -> {"key": [{"text": ...}, {"text": ...}, {"text": ...}]}
jq_schema -> ".key[].text"
JSON -> ["...", "...", "..."]
jq_schema -> ".[]"